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Determination

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Electroporation of the Hindbrain to Trace Axonal Trajectories and Synaptic Targets in the Chick Embryo

Electroporation of the Hindbrain to Trace Axonal Trajectories and Synaptic Targets in the Chick Embryo

Published on: May 29, 2013

Expression patterns of chick Musashi-1 in the developing nervous system.

Jonathan M Wilson¹, Kazuna Sato, Ellen A G Chernoff

¹Department of Biology and Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Gene Expression Patterns : GEP

|June 5, 2007

Summary

Musashi-1 (Msi-1) is a neural stem cell marker found in the developing chick eye. Its expression in the neural retina indicates roles in both cell proliferation and differentiation.

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In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain

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Published on: September 16, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Research

Background:

Vertebrate musashi homologues are recognized as neural stem cell markers.
Musashi-1 (Msi-1) regulates neural cell generation within the notch signaling pathway, maintaining mitosis.
Identifying definitive neural stem cell markers for the retina is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To clone a portion of the Msi-1 cDNA.
To analyze the expression patterns of Msi-1 in the developing chick eye.
To determine Msi-1's role as a definitive neural stem cell marker in the neural retina.

Main Methods:

Cloning of a partial Msi-1 cDNA.
Immunohistochemistry using an Msi-1-specific antibody.
RNA probe analysis for Msi-1 expression.
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay to assess cell proliferation.

Main Results:

Msi-1 expression in the early neural tube aligns with neural stem cell identity.
Msi-1 is expressed in the chick neural retina from before embryonic day 3 (E3) through E18.
Msi-1 is present in both proliferating and differentiating cells of the E5 neural retina.
In E8 and E18 retinas, Msi-1 expression is detected in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) and differentiated cells, including photoreceptors and ganglion cells.

Conclusions:

Msi-1 expression patterns support its role as a neural stem cell marker in the developing chick retina.
Msi-1 is involved in both proliferative and differentiation stages of retinal development.
Msi-1 is found in various differentiated retinal cell types, suggesting broader roles beyond stem cell maintenance.