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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Coagulation01:09

Coagulation

The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a decrease in the...
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...

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Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
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Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

Published on: September 26, 2016

Gravity as a factor of aggregative stability and coagulation.

A S Dukhin1, S S Dukhin, P J Goetz

  • 1Electrokinetic Technology, Goldens Bridge, NY 10526, USA.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|June 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Gravity significantly impacts particle aggregation and stability, even in nano-systems, by influencing interactions, collision frequency, and population dynamics. This review consolidates scattered research on gravity

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Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry
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Measurement of Aggregate Cohesion by Tissue Surface Tensiometry

Published on: April 8, 2011

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Gravity is a critical factor in the aggregative stability and coagulation of heterogeneous systems with density differences.
  • Its influence becomes significant as particle size increases, potentially affecting even nano-systems over time.
  • Existing literature on gravity's role in stability is fragmented across various journals, with inadequate modern reviews.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a consistent review of gravity's role in aggregative stability across all three levels of the DLVO theory.
  • To consolidate scattered research and address the scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.
  • To bridge the gap between analytical and numerical solutions in understanding gravity-driven stability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of analytical and numerical solutions for gravity's effect on particle pair interactions.
  • Analysis of studies on collision frequency, considering both charged and non-charged particles.
  • Examination of analytical and numerical solutions for population balance equations incorporating gravity.
  • Discussion of aggregate and fractal models in relation to gravity-controlled stability.
  • Synthesis of experimental works and their alignment with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Gravity's role is analyzed at the particle pair interaction, collision frequency, and population balance equation levels.
  • Both analytical and numerical approaches for particle interactions and stability diagrams are discussed.
  • Studies on collision frequency for various particle types are synthesized.
  • Analytical solutions for gravity-influenced population balance equations are presented and compared with numerical solutions.
  • Relevance of fractal models to gravity-controlled stability is explored.

Conclusions:

  • Gravity is a fundamental, yet often overlooked, factor in the long-term stability and aggregation of dispersed systems.
  • A unified understanding across DLVO levels is crucial for accurate theoretical and experimental predictions.
  • This review consolidates essential knowledge, highlighting the need for further research integrating analytical and numerical methods.