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Gravity as a factor of aggregative stability and coagulation.

A S Dukhin¹, S S Dukhin, P J Goetz

¹Electrokinetic Technology, Goldens Bridge, NY 10526, USA.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

|June 5, 2007

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Gravity significantly impacts particle aggregation and stability, even in nano-systems, by influencing interactions, collision frequency, and population dynamics. This review consolidates scattered research on gravity

Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Physical Chemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Gravity is a critical factor in the aggregative stability and coagulation of heterogeneous systems with density differences.
Its influence becomes significant as particle size increases, potentially affecting even nano-systems over time.
Existing literature on gravity's role in stability is fragmented across various journals, with inadequate modern reviews.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a consistent review of gravity's role in aggregative stability across all three levels of the DLVO theory.
To consolidate scattered research and address the scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.
To bridge the gap between analytical and numerical solutions in understanding gravity-driven stability.

Main Methods:

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Review of analytical and numerical solutions for gravity's effect on particle pair interactions.
Analysis of studies on collision frequency, considering both charged and non-charged particles.
Examination of analytical and numerical solutions for population balance equations incorporating gravity.
Discussion of aggregate and fractal models in relation to gravity-controlled stability.
Synthesis of experimental works and their alignment with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

Gravity's role is analyzed at the particle pair interaction, collision frequency, and population balance equation levels.
Both analytical and numerical approaches for particle interactions and stability diagrams are discussed.
Studies on collision frequency for various particle types are synthesized.
Analytical solutions for gravity-influenced population balance equations are presented and compared with numerical solutions.
Relevance of fractal models to gravity-controlled stability is explored.

Conclusions:

Gravity is a fundamental, yet often overlooked, factor in the long-term stability and aggregation of dispersed systems.
A unified understanding across DLVO levels is crucial for accurate theoretical and experimental predictions.
This review consolidates essential knowledge, highlighting the need for further research integrating analytical and numerical methods.