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Antecedents of macrosomia.

A J Brunskill¹, M A Rossing, F A Connell

¹Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

|October 1, 1991

Summary

Maternal diabetes, male infant sex, higher parity, and longer gestation increased the risk of high birthweight (macrosomia). Maternal smoking was linked to a reduced risk of macrosomia in White singleton infants.

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perinatal Epidemiology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

Macrosomia, or high birthweight, is a significant concern in obstetrics, associated with increased risks for both mother and infant.
Identifying risk factors for macrosomia is crucial for effective prenatal care and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the independent risk factors associated with macrosomia in White singleton infants.
To quantify the association between various maternal and infant characteristics and the occurrence of macrosomia.

Main Methods:

A case-control study was conducted using Washington State birth certificates from 1984-1986.
Cases were defined as 2082 live-born macrosomic infants (>4.5 kg), and controls were 4440 randomly selected infants (2.5-4.0 kg).
Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk factors.

Main Results:

Established diabetes (OR 6.4) and gestational diabetes (OR 3.2) significantly increased macrosomia risk.
Male infant sex (OR 2.4), increasing parity, and longer gestational duration were also associated with higher risk.
Maternal smoking showed a protective effect, decreasing macrosomia risk (OR 0.4).

Conclusions:

Gestational and established diabetes, male infant sex, higher parity, and prolonged gestation are key risk factors for macrosomia.
Maternal smoking appears to be a protective factor against macrosomia.
These findings can inform targeted interventions and clinical management strategies for high-risk pregnancies.

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