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The Pocket-Creation Procedure of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Rectal Laterally Spreading Tumors

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Published on: February 13, 2026

Current treatment for localized anal carcinoma.

Prajnan Das¹, Christopher H Crane, Jaffer A Ajani

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. PrajDas@mdanderson.org

Current Opinion in Oncology

|June 5, 2007

Summary

Chemoradiation is standard for anal cancer. A trial showed higher colostomy rates with induction cisplatin chemotherapy compared to mitomycin C, and intensity modulated radiation therapy may reduce toxicity.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiation Oncology
Medical Oncology

Background:

Chemoradiation is the standard treatment for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.
This review focuses on chemoradiation protocols and recent advancements in anal cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review randomized trials and recent studies on chemoradiation for anal cancer.
To evaluate treatment strategies and their impact on patient outcomes and toxicity.

Main Methods:

Review of randomized trials and recent studies on chemoradiation for anal cancer.
Analysis of treatment protocols including induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Evaluation of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for anal cancer.

Main Results:

A randomized trial indicated a higher colostomy rate in patients receiving induction 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin followed by concurrent chemoradiation compared to those receiving concurrent 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C and radiotherapy.
The reasons for the observed difference in colostomy rates remain under investigation.
Intensity modulated radiation therapy is being evaluated to reduce radiotherapy-related toxicity.

Conclusions:

The precise role of cisplatin in anal cancer treatment requires further clarification, potentially through ongoing trials like Anal Cancer Trial II.
Future research should explore tumor biology and patient genetics to personalize treatment strategies.
Intensity modulated radiation therapy shows promise for mitigating treatment toxicity in anal cancer patients.