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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The Micronucleus Assay on Cryopreserved Whole Blood

The Micronucleus Assay on Cryopreserved Whole Blood

Published on: February 23, 2024

Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay.

Michael Fenech¹

¹Genome Health Nutrigenomics Laboratory, CSIRO Human Nutrition, Food Science Australia, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia. michael.fenech@csiro.au

Nature Protocols

|June 5, 2007

Summary

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay comprehensively measures DNA damage, cytostasis, and cytotoxicity. This assay identifies biomarkers for genotoxicity, aiding in radiation sensitivity prediction and cancer risk assessment.

Area of Science:

Biomarkers and Toxicology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay is a robust system for evaluating cellular responses to genotoxic agents.
It quantifies DNA damage, cytostasis, and cytotoxicity within a single assay framework.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the comprehensive capabilities of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay.
To highlight its application in assessing DNA damage, cytostasis, cytotoxicity, and predicting radiation sensitivity and cancer risk.

Main Methods:

Scoring DNA damage biomarkers: micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in binucleated cells.
Assessing cytostatic effects using cell proliferation markers (mono-, bi-, multinucleated cells).
Evaluating cytotoxicity through necrotic and apoptotic cell ratios, with optional centromere/telomere probes for mechanistic insights.

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Main Results:

The assay successfully identifies specific DNA damage events (chromosome breakage, loss, misrepair, telomere fusions, DNA elimination).
It quantifies cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, providing a complete picture of cellular toxicity.
The assay is validated for in vivo and in vitro genotoxicity testing, nutrigenomics, pharmacogenomics, and predicting radiation response and cancer risk.

Conclusions:

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay is a versatile and powerful tool for genotoxicity assessment and biological risk prediction.
Its ability to measure multiple endpoints makes it invaluable across various research fields, including toxicology and personalized medicine.
The assay provides mechanistic insights into DNA damage formation, aiding in understanding cellular responses to genotoxins.