Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Published on: August 9, 2024
[Multimuscle treatment of spasticity in adults patients with botulinum toxin]
1Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Hôpital R. Poincaré, AP-HP, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 104 Bd R. Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France. djamel.bensmail@rpc.aphp.fr
Abstract:
Some recent studies in children with spasticity demonstrated the safety of multimuscle injections of botulinum toxin (BT) type A with doses markedly higher than those recommended. Data about efficacy and safety of multifocal injections of BT in adult patients with spasticity are very limited. However numerous clinical situations for example, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, stroke or cerebral palsy seem to justify this type of patient management. Controlled studies are expected in the future to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multisite injections of BT. They may encourage physicians to perform such multifocal injections with high doses of BT. A better understanding of distant spread of BT is also warranted.
Related Concept Videos
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Botulism
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs,...
