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ACTN3 genotype in professional soccer players.

C Santiago¹, M González-Freire, L Serratosa

¹Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain. alejandro.lucia@uem.es

British Journal of Sports Medicine

|June 7, 2007

Summary

Elite soccer players often possess the sprint/power-associated alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genotype. This contrasts with endurance athletes and sedentary individuals, suggesting a genetic link to athletic performance in soccer.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Human Genetics
Exercise Physiology

Background:

The alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene plays a crucial role in muscle function.
Specific ACTN3 genotypes are associated with different athletic phenotypes, particularly sprint/power versus endurance.
Understanding genotype distribution can offer insights into the genetic underpinnings of elite athletic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the frequency distribution of alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X genotypes in elite professional soccer players.
To compare these genotype frequencies with those of elite endurance athletes and sedentary controls.
To determine if a specific ACTN3 genotype is prevalent in elite soccer players.

Main Methods:

Genotyping of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was performed.
Frequency distributions of ACTN3 genotypes (RR, RX, XX) were analyzed.
Comparisons were made between 60 elite soccer players, 52 elite endurance athletes, and 123 sedentary controls.

Main Results:

Elite soccer players exhibited a significantly higher percentage of the RR genotype (48.3%) compared to controls (28.5%) and endurance athletes (26.5%).
Conversely, soccer players showed a significantly lower percentage of the RX genotype (36.7%) compared to controls (53.7%) and endurance athletes (52%).
The findings suggest a tendency for elite soccer players to possess the ACTN3 genotype associated with sprint and power capabilities (p = 0.041).

Conclusions:

Elite soccer players are more likely to carry the sprint/power-associated ACTN3 genotype (RR).
This genotype distribution differs significantly from sedentary individuals and elite endurance athletes.
The ACTN3 R577X genotype may be a contributing genetic factor for success in elite soccer.