P-wave body surface isointegral maps in children and in young adults

Only limited data are available on body surface potential distribution during atrial activation. The aim of this study was to establish the distributions and to analyze chosen quantitative parameters of atrial isointegral maps recorded using a limited 24-lead system in a young healthy population. A total of 166 subjects underwent a procedure of body surface potential mapping. Isointegral maps during the P wave were constructed and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Three types of atrial activation in individual maps were found according to the different shape of the zero isointegral line and to mutual positions of extrema. The most frequently occurring type resembled the group mean maps and was in good agreement with published data obtained from full lead systems. The highest extrema were found in the young men group, while, surprisingly, the lowest values in the young women group. All minima and the majority of maxima were recorded outside the ranges of standard chest leads. The usefulness of the limited lead system to record isointegral P wave maps was shown and new data were presented that can be useful in noninvasive evaluation of atrial pathologies.