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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

The cognitive control network: Integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions.

Michael W Cole1, Walter Schneider

  • 1Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. mwc4@pitt.edu

Neuroimage
|June 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The cognitive control network (CCN) comprises interconnected brain regions, identified using fMRI. This network shows distinct roles during tasks, with specific areas like DLPFC specializing in memory maintenance.

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Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis
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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cognitive control involves multiple brain regions consistently identified across studies.
  • Functional connectivity analysis is crucial for understanding how these regions interact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the functionally connected cognitive control network (CCN) using fMRI.
  • To investigate the network's dynamics and functional specialization during a novel visual search task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain activity during rest and task performance.
  • Employed convergent methods including inter-regional correlations, co-activation patterns, and sensitivity to task difficulty.
  • Developed a novel visual search task with occluded periods to probe working memory and network differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a tightly coupled CCN including ACC/pSMA, DLPFC, IFJ, AIC, dPMC, and PPC.
  • Demonstrated network differentiation during occluded search, with DLPFC supporting memory maintenance and ACC/pSMA involved in preparation for difficult probes.
  • Confirmed CCN regions operate cohesively during non-occluded task phases.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified the CCN and established its high functional connectivity.
  • Dissociation of CCN components revealed specialized roles, particularly DLPFC in memory maintenance.
  • Understanding network interactions and specializations is key to deciphering cognitive control mechanisms.