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Murine typhus in Cyprus: 21 paediatric cases.
M Koliou1, A Psaroulaki, C Georgiou
1Department of Paediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Unit, Archbishop Makarios Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus. mkoliou@spidernet.com.cy
Summary
Rickettsia typhi infection in children typically presents with fever and rash. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment lead to complete recovery, especially in agricultural communities.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Rickettsia typhi causes typhus, a potentially serious bacterial infection.
- Understanding childhood manifestations is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
- This study focuses on pediatric cases in Cyprus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical and laboratory features of Rickettsia typhi infection in children.
- To identify key symptoms and findings for differential diagnosis.
- To highlight the importance of considering this infection in endemic areas.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 21 children diagnosed with Rickettsia typhi infection.
- Data collected from Archbishop Makarios Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus (2000-2006).
- Review of clinical presentations, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- Fever (100%) and rash (57%) were the most common symptoms.
- Lymphadenopathy (37%) and elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT >1-fold in 81%/75%) were frequent.
- Thrombocytopenia (28%) and leucopenia (17%) were less common.
- Children from agricultural areas were disproportionately affected.
Conclusions:
- Rickettsia typhi infection should be suspected in children presenting with prolonged fever and rash, particularly during summer/early autumn.
- Prompt antibiotic therapy ensures complete recovery.
- Geographic and occupational factors (agriculture) may indicate higher risk.
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