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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights

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Thyroid disease in Sjögren's syndrome.

Luis J Jara1, Carmen Navarro, María del Pilar Brito-Zerón

  • 1Direction of Education and Research, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Seris y Zaachila s/n C.P., 02990, Mexico City, México. luis_jara_quezada@hotmail.com

Clinical Rheumatology
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Primary Sjögren

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) frequently coexists with thyroid disease, particularly autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • This association suggests shared genetic or environmental factors and common pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Patients with pSS show a higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, and vice versa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequent association between primary Sjögren's syndrome and thyroid disorders.
  • To explore potential shared etiologies, including common antigens and genetic predispositions.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of this comorbidity for patient management and research.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patient data from 1960 to 2007.

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  • Review of laboratory data and clinical presentations for diagnoses of pSS and thyroid disease.
  • Analysis of autoantibody profiles (antithyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxidase, rheumatoid factor, anti-Ro/SSA) and lymphoma risk.

    • Main Results:

    • Autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism were the most common thyroid conditions in pSS patients.
    • pSS was 10 times more frequent in autoimmune thyroid disease patients; autoimmune thyroiditis was 9 times more frequent in pSS patients.
    • Increased risk for thyroid MALT lymphoma (67-fold) and parotid lymphoma (44-fold) associated with pSS and autoimmune thyroiditis.

    Conclusions:

    • A strong association exists between primary Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease, likely due to shared antigens and genetic factors.
    • Thyroid dysfunction is common in pSS, and patients with thyroid disease should be screened for pSS.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the shared pathogenesis and implications for B cell lymphoma development.