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Gross Anatomy of Bone

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

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Creating a Box-Cavity Defect Model in the Cortical Bone of Rat Femora

Creating a Box-Cavity Defect Model in the Cortical Bone of Rat Femora

Published on: November 21, 2023

Micromechanical modelling of cortical bone.

L P Mullins¹, J P McGarry, M S Bruzzi

¹National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. liam.mullins@nuigalway.ie

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

|June 15, 2007

Summary

Finite element models reveal how cortical bone

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Materials Science
Orthopedic Research

Background:

Cortical bone exhibits a complex, hierarchical microstructure.
Understanding its mechanical properties is crucial for bone health and fracture prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of microstructural features on cortical bone's macroscopic properties.
To develop relationships for accurate material property application in larger-scale bone models.

Main Methods:

Development of unit cell finite element models.
Analysis of lacunar and vascular porosities, osteonal bone percentage, and Haversian system orientation.
Investigation of macroscopic elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios.

Main Results:

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Microstructural morphology significantly affects cortical bone's mechanical properties.
Haversian system orientation is a critical factor for larger-scale models.
Microstructural features cause local strain magnification.

Conclusions:

Accurate microstructural characterization is essential for predicting bone mechanics.
Unit cell models provide valuable insights into bone's heterogeneous nature.
The study highlights the importance of considering microstructural details in computational bone modeling.