Removal of odor using biofilter from duck confinement buildings

Area of Science:

• Environmental Engineering
• Agricultural Science
• Odor Control Technology

Background:

• Poultry and waterfowl operations, particularly in the Fraser Valley, face significant odor emission challenges.
• Effective odor management is crucial for environmental compliance and community relations in agricultural settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale biofiltration system for treating odors from a commercial duck farm.
• To assess the odor reduction efficiency and operational feasibility of biofiltration for agricultural exhaust air.

Main Methods:

• A pilot-scale biofilter using softwood chips and compost was constructed and tested on exhaust air from a duck farm.
• Odor concentrations were measured using olfactometry before and after biofiltration.
• Fabric filters were employed for pre-treatment to remove dust and feathers.

Main Results:

• The biofilter achieved an average odor removal efficiency of 95% +/- 3%.
• Untreated barn air odor concentrations ranged from 8553 to 12171 OU/m3, reduced to 420 OU/m3 post-treatment.
• Frequent cleaning of fabric pre-filters increased operating costs.

Conclusions:

• Pilot-scale biofiltration is highly effective for reducing duck farm odor emissions.
• The system shows promise for agricultural odor control, but cost-effective pre-treatment solutions are needed.
• Future research should focus on optimizing pre-treatment methods to reduce operational expenses.