Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

08:03
Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis
Published on: March 27, 2019
Unilateral ocular duplication.
Hanne Jensen1, Søren Anker Pedersen, Ove A Jensen
1Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Handicap, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. h.jensen@dadlnet.dk
Ophthalmic Genetics
|June 15, 2007
Summary
This case study details a boy with unilateral eye duplication, a rare congenital malformation. The findings suggest a need for precise terminology to differentiate ocular duplication types.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Medical Genetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Unilateral ocular duplication is a rare congenital anomaly.
- Previous literature indicates associated central nervous system malformations and epilepsy.
Observation:
- Presents a case of unilateral ocular duplication followed from birth to 14 years.
- The malformation manifested as synophthalmia within a single orbit.
Findings:
- Literature review confirms compatibility with life, with reported central nervous system issues.
- The specific case involved synophthalmia, a fusion of eyes in one orbit.
Implications:
- Suggests "triophthalmia" is insufficient for classification.
- Proposes differentiating between unilateral synophthalmia and ipsilateral ocular duplication for clarity.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Eye
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Meiosis I
Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...

