Targeting and controlled release of antigens for the effective induction of secretory antibody responses

Increased awareness of the fact that the mucosal membranes are the portals of entry for the majority of infectious agents, and that antibodies in external secretions often correlate better with protection than do corresponding antibodies in serum, has prompted many recent studies aimed at the selective induction of antibodies in mucosal secretions. The recent development of novel technologies (expression of antigens in various microbial vectors that colonize mucosal surfaces and incorporation of antigens in biodegradable microspheres) indicate that the goal of vaccination with enhanced induction of both mucosal and systemic immune responses is attainable.