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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Choledocholithiasis in a 4-month-old infant.

Mathew Thomas1, Kavita Kadiwar, Bastian Domajnko

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Common bile duct stones are rare in infants. This case report details the successful endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis in a 4-month-old, offering insights into managing this rare condition.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Endoscopic Procedures

Background:

  • Cholelithiasis diagnosis is rising in infants due to increased abdominal ultrasound use.
  • Symptomatic common bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis) in infancy are exceptionally rare and underreported.
  • Infantile choledocholithiasis presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 4-month-old infant presented with symptomatic choledocholithiasis.
  • The patient experienced symptoms attributed to common bile duct stones.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed, necessitating intervention.

Findings:

  • Successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed.
  • Endoscopic sphincterotomy was utilized as part of the treatment.
  • This approach effectively managed the symptomatic choledocholithiasis in the infant.

Implications:

  • Demonstrates the feasibility and success of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy for infantile choledocholithiasis.
  • Highlights a minimally invasive treatment option for a rare pediatric condition.
  • Contributes to the limited literature on managing common bile duct stones in neonates and infants.