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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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Related Experiment Video

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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Pharyngitis and epiglottitis.

Maria L Alcaide1, Alan L Bisno

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Avenue, 090-A Dominion Tower #812, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Acute pharyngitis, often viral and self-limiting, requires physician visits. Bacterial causes like group A streptococcus, and rare but serious conditions such as diphtheria and epiglottitis, also necessitate medical attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Primary care medicine
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Acute pharyngitis is a frequent reason for primary care consultations.
  • The majority of cases are viral, typically benign and self-resolving.
  • Bacterial infections, particularly group A streptococcus, are significant but less common causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common and uncommon causes of acute pharyngitis.
  • To highlight conditions requiring specific treatment or posing serious health risks.
  • To provide an overview of differential diagnoses in pharyngitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharyngitis causes.
  • Discussion of viral, bacterial, and other etiologies.
  • Categorization of pharyngitis based on severity and treatment needs.

Main Results:

  • Most acute pharyngitis cases are viral and self-limiting.
  • Group A streptococcus is the primary bacterial pathogen.
  • Rare causes include diphtheria, gonorrhea, HIV, peritonsillar abscess, and epiglottitis, some of which are severe.

Conclusions:

  • While most pharyngitis is benign, accurate diagnosis is crucial.
  • Identification of bacterial infections like strep throat is important for treatment.
  • Awareness of rare but potentially life-threatening causes is essential for prompt medical intervention.