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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The tea and...
Limits of the First Law of Thermodynamics01:22

Limits of the First Law of Thermodynamics

Spontaneous processes, like a rock falling to the ground or sodium reacting with chlorine, occur without external work and often involve a decrease in the system‘s energy. However, certain endothermic processes, such as the dissolution of sodium chloride in water, occur spontaneously even though they increase the energy of the system. This limitation suggests that the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the total energy of a system is constant in an isolated system, cannot fully...

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Surrogate Model Development for Digital Experiments in Welding
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Surrogate Model Development for Digital Experiments in Welding

Published on: March 28, 2025

Expanded thermodynamic true yield prediction model: adjustments and limitations.

Jinghua Xiao1, Jeanne M VanBriesen

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA.

Biodegradation
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study validates a thermodynamic model for bacterial yield prediction across diverse growth conditions. The model shows good predictive ability, though experimental data uncertainties limit comprehensive validation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microbial Physiology
  • Biochemical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate bacterial yield prediction is essential for bioprocess optimization and understanding biological systems.
  • An expanded thermodynamic model incorporating multiple balances (carbon, nitrogen, electron, energy) was previously developed.
  • This model aims to improve the accuracy of predicting bacterial growth yields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of the expanded thermodynamic true yield prediction model in various bacterial growth scenarios.
  • To present adjustments for improved predictions based on environmental conditions (pH) and metabolic pathways.
  • To validate the model using a large dataset of reported bacterial yields.

Main Methods:

  • Application of an expanded thermodynamic true yield prediction model.
  • Incorporation of carbon, nitrogen, electron, and energy balances.
  • Development of adjustments for pH and oxygenase/oxidase pathway information.
  • Validation using a dataset of reported bacterial yields.

Main Results:

  • The expanded thermodynamic model demonstrated good predictive ability across aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic, and autolithotrophic growth conditions.
  • Adjustments for pH and specific enzymatic requirements improved prediction accuracy.
  • Significant uncertainties in literature-reported yield values were identified, impacting model validation.
  • Experimental data variability limits comprehensive validation and further model refinement.

Conclusions:

  • The expanded thermodynamic model provides a robust framework for bacterial yield prediction.
  • Environmental factors and metabolic pathway details enhance predictive accuracy.
  • Uncertainty in experimental data is a major limitation for validating and improving these thermodynamic models.