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The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES): development, validation, and utility.

Ann M Kring1, Denise M Sloan

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. akring@berkeley.edu

Psychological Assessment
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
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The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES) reliably measures positive and negative facial expressions across diverse groups. This validated tool aids in assessing expressive behavior in various research and clinical settings.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Nonverbal Communication
  • Emotion Research

Background:

  • Facial expressions are key to emotional communication.
  • A validated system for coding facial expressions is needed for research.
  • Existing systems may not capture the dimensional aspects of emotion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the development and validation of the Facial Expression Coding System (FACES).
  • To establish the reliability and validity of FACES across diverse populations.
  • To provide a tool for assessing the valence of facial expressive behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Facial Expression Coding System (FACES).
  • Conducted 5 studies with 13 diverse samples (students, psychiatric patients, community adults).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed inter-rater reliability and convergent/discriminant validity.

    • Main Results:

    • Raters achieved reliable agreement on positive and negative facial expressive behaviors.
    • FACES ratings showed predictable relationships with other coding systems, physiological measures (skin conductance, heart rate), and self-reports of emotion.
    • Demonstrated validity against facial muscle activity and individual-difference measures.

    Conclusions:

    • FACES is a reliable and valid tool for coding facial expressions.
    • The system effectively captures the valence of emotional expression.
    • FACES is applicable in diverse research and clinical contexts for behavioral assessment.