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Contingencies for change in complacent smokers
R J Lamb1, Andrew R Morral, Kimberly C Kirby
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. lamb@uthscsa.edu
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
|June 15, 2007
Summary
Monetary incentives for reducing breath carbon monoxide (BCO) can help complacent smokers quit. This 3-month study found contingent incentives led to sustained reductions in smoking behaviors and increased quit attempts.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Behavioral psychology
- Public health interventions
Background:
- Many smokers are complacent, lacking immediate plans to quit, making them a challenging population for cessation interventions.
- Previous research indicates monetary incentives can temporarily lower breath carbon monoxide (BCO) in complacent smokers, but long-term sustainability is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the sustained effectiveness of contingent monetary incentives for reducing smoking behaviors in complacent smokers over 3 months.
- To compare the impact of contingent versus noncontingent incentives on smoking cessation markers.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving complacent smokers assigned to receive incentives contingent on BCO reduction or noncontingent incentives.
- Intervention duration was 3 months, with assessments of BCO, smoking rates, abstinence, and salivary cotinine levels.
Main Results:
- Contingent incentives significantly reduced BCO levels and increased abstinence indicators compared to noncontingent incentives.
- Participants receiving contingent incentives smoked fewer cigarettes, had more days abstinent, and lower salivary cotinine at study's end.
- A notable 11% of smokers receiving contingent incentives reported quitting, versus none in the control group.
Conclusions:
- Contingency management procedures, utilizing incentives tied to BCO reduction, show promise for promoting smoking cessation in complacent smokers.
- These findings suggest environmental interventions, like workplace smoking bans, might leverage similar principles to influence complacent smokers' behavior.
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