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Free plasma metanephrines as a screening test for pheochromocytoma in low-risk patients
Jan Václavík1, David Stejskal, Borek Lacnák
1Department of Internal Medicine, Sternberk Hospital, Sternberk, Czech Republic. vaclavik.j@centrum.cz
Objectives:
Detection of free plasma metanephrines seems to be the most exact method for biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, but their diagnostic efficacy in the common low-risk clinical settings is debated.
Methods:
A cross-sectional multicentre study including 1260 subjects assessed the diagnostic efficacy of free plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine in low-risk patients screened for resistant or markedly accelerated hypertension, paroxysmal hypertension, 'flushes' and, in a small proportion, for adrenal incidentaloma or genetic predisposition to pheochromocytoma.
Results:
Pheochromocytoma was identified and verified by histology in 25 subjects (2%), with the diagnosis not confirmed by long-term follow-up or use of imaging techniques in the remaining 1235 individuals. The combined assay of free plasma metanephrines was a highly sensitive (100%) and specific (96.7%) measure, yielding a negative predictive value of 100%.
Conclusion:
The satisfactory diagnostic efficacy of free plasma metanephrines allows their use as a single screening test in cases of suspected pheochromocytoma in the population with a low pretest probability.
