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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
07:33

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

[Soft tissue balancing in valgus gonarthrosis].

D Pape1, D Kohn

  • 1Orthopädische Klinik , Universität des Saarlandes, Kirrbergerstrasse, Gebäude 37, 66421 Homburg/Saar. dietrichpape@yahoo.de

Der Orthopade
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Correcting valgus knee deformity in total knee replacement requires careful soft tissue balancing. Our stepwise lateral release technique ensures optimal alignment and component longevity.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Valgus deformity in knee arthroplasty presents significant surgical challenges.
  • This deformity involves bony and soft tissue components, often with lateral hypoplasia and medial collateral ligament (MCL) laxity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a surgical approach for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with valgus deformity.
  • To emphasize stepwise release of lateral structures for optimal soft tissue balancing.

Main Methods:

  • A stepwise release of tight lateral capsular and ligamentous structures.
  • Utilizing a knee balancer to achieve symmetrical flexion/extension gaps and patellar centralization.

Main Results:

  • Achieving symmetrical flexion and extension gaps is critical for successful TKA in valgus knees.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
07:33

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

  • Proper soft tissue balancing maximizes the longevity of prosthetic components.

    • Conclusions:

    • A systematic approach to lateral soft tissue release is essential for managing valgus knee deformities during TKA.
    • This technique aims to restore knee alignment and improve functional outcomes.