Functional somatic syndrome: how it could be relevant to rheumatologists.

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Neuroscience
• Immunology

Background:

• Functional somatic syndrome (FSS) is characterized by symptoms, suffering, and disability rather than structural abnormalities.
• FSS conditions frequently overlap in diagnostic criteria and exhibit high comorbidity, such as irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia.
• Visceral and somatic hyperalgesia are common features, suggesting central sensitization plays a role in FSS pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the concept of FSS.
• To explore the relevance of FSS to rheumatology, particularly concerning pain perception.
• To review the potential involvement of mast cells and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in FSS.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and evidence regarding Functional Somatic Syndromes.
• Analysis of the role of central sensitization and hyperalgesia in FSS.
• Exploration of potential molecular mechanisms, including mast cells and PAR-2.

Main Results:

• Functional somatic syndromes are defined by symptom burden and disability, often with overlapping conditions.
• Central sensitization and hyperalgesia are implicated in the pathophysiology of FSS.
• Mast cells and PAR-2 signaling are proposed as potential contributors to FSS.

Conclusions:

• FSS represents a significant clinical challenge due to symptom overlap and comorbidity.
• Understanding central sensitization mechanisms is crucial for FSS management, with implications for rheumatology.
• Further research into mast cell and PAR-2 pathways may reveal novel therapeutic targets for FSS.