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Circulating immune complexes and complement sequence activation in infectious mononucleosis.

J R Wands, J L Perrotto, K J Isselbacher

The American Journal of Medicine

|February 1, 1976

Summary

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Immune complexes containing Epstein-Barr virus components were found in a patient with infectious mononucleosis and rash. These complexes, linked to complement activation, disappeared upon recovery, suggesting their role in the rash.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Dermatology

Background:

Infectious mononucleosis, caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can present with various complications.
Urticarial rashes are an uncommon manifestation of infectious mononucleosis.

Observation:

Circulating cryoprotein immune complexes were detected in a patient during the acute, urticarial phase of infectious mononucleosis.
These immune complexes were composed of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), complement components (C3, C4, C5), and antibodies against EBV capsid antigens.
Particles resembling EBV were also identified within these complexes.

Findings:

The identified IgG subtypes (IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3) were capable of fixing complement.
The C3 activator of the properdin complex (alternate complement pathway) was present during the acute phase but absent after recovery.

Related Experiment Videos

Both classic and alternate complement pathways were activated, indicated by complement component presence and C3 activator detection.

Implications:

The transient presence of complement-fixing immune complexes correlates with the urticarial rash in this patient.
These findings suggest a potential pathogenic role for immune complex formation in EBV-associated urticarial rashes.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of immune complex-mediated dermatological manifestations in infectious mononucleosis.