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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
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TORC-SIK cascade regulates CREB activity through the basic leucine zipper domain.

Hiroshi Takemori1, Junko Kajimura, Mitsuhiro Okamoto

  • 1Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolism, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. takemori@nibio.go.jp

The FEBS Journal
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The transcription factor CREB regulates gene expression. Its activity is controlled by phosphorylation at Ser133 and also by Ser133-independent mechanisms involving TORC and salt inducible kinase, mediated by its basic leucine zipper domain.

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Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
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Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

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Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Signal Transduction

Background:

  • CREB is a transcription factor crucial for cAMP-induced gene expression.
  • CREB activation is traditionally linked to Ser133 phosphorylation.
  • Emerging evidence highlights Ser133-independent regulatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms of CREB.
  • To focus on the role of the basic leucine zipper domain in CREB regulation.
  • To describe the functions of TORC and salt inducible kinase in CREB activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CREB regulation.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of CREB activation and repression.
  • Focus on the basic leucine zipper domain's role.

Main Results:

  • CREB activity is regulated by both Ser133-dependent and Ser133-independent pathways.
  • Transducer of regulated CREB activity coactivators (TORC) mediate Ser133-independent activation.
  • Salt inducible kinase cascades mediate Ser133-independent repression.
  • The basic leucine zipper domain is central to these regulatory processes.

Conclusions:

  • Ser133-independent regulation is critical for CREB function.
  • TORC and salt inducible kinase are key players in modulating CREB transcriptional activity.
  • The basic leucine zipper domain is a key mediator of CREB regulation.