Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Epidemiology of Acute Cystitis or Afebrile Urinary Tract Infection in Adult Men: A Systematic Literature Review.

Infectious diseases and therapy·2026

Same author

Prevalence and economic evaluation of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women from Japan: a retrospective cohort study.

JAC-antimicrobial resistance·2025

Same author

Activity impairment, work productivity, health-related quality-of-life, and costs associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infection among females in Germany.

PloS one·2025

Same author

Treatment patterns and burden of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in England: a retrospective cohort study.

BJGP open·2024

Same author

Allergies to antibiotics among US women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

PloS one·2024

Same author

Treatment Patterns and Adherence to Guidelines for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Germany: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Infectious diseases and therapy·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Morbidity and mortality among elderly Americans with different stroke subtypes.

Won Chan Lee¹, Ashish V Joshi, Qin Wang

¹HERQuLES, Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814-5341, USA. wonchan_lee@abtassoc.com

Advances in Therapy

|June 15, 2007

Summary

Elderly patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HS), including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), face worse survival and higher recurrence rates than those with ischemic stroke (IS). HS patients also present with more comorbidities.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Public Health
Geriatrics

Background:

Long-term outcomes for hemorrhagic stroke (HS), encompassing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), are less understood compared to ischemic stroke (IS).
Elderly populations are particularly vulnerable to stroke, necessitating a clear understanding of prognosis and risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate short- and long-term survival and morbidity in elderly patients diagnosed with HS (SAH or ICH) versus IS.
To identify risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in these patient cohorts.

Main Methods:

Analysis of American Medicare beneficiaries over 65 years old diagnosed with SAH, ICH, or IS.
Utilized longitudinal claims data over a 4-year period.
Employed survival analysis, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models to assess outcomes and identify associated factors.

Main Results:

Identified 11,430 patients: 3.0% SAH, 17.1% ICH, 79.9% IS.
HS patients exhibited higher rates of comorbidities (congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension) at stroke onset compared to IS patients.
In-hospital mortality rates were significantly higher for SAH (31.9%) and ICH (25.6%) than for IS (6.8%).
Median survival at 4 years was substantially shorter for SAH (256 days) and ICH (353 days) compared to IS (533 days).
SAH patients had the highest stroke recurrence rate.

Conclusions:

Elderly patients with HS face a considerably worse prognosis, including lower survival rates and higher recurrence, compared to those with IS.
The higher burden of comorbidities in HS patients underscores the need for targeted interventions and improved treatment strategies for hemorrhagic stroke.