Is the "mammalian" brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein present in adipose tissues of birds?

1. Mitochondria were isolated from the furcular, subcutaneous, abdominal, nape and lateral adipose tissue depots of five species of bird (pheasant, Japanese quail, pigeon, house sparrow and great tit) acclimatized to the Northern winter. 2. Mitochondrial proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probed for the presence of the 32,000-33,000 Mr uncoupling protein characteristic of "mammalian" brown adipose tissue, using an anti-(ground squirrel uncoupling protein)serum. 3. Immunoreactivity consistent with uncoupling protein was not detected in mitochondria from any of the avian adipose tissues. Immunoreactivity was, however, evident in mitochondria from perirenal or interscapular adipose tissue from a range of mammals--rats, mice, golden hamsters, Orkney voles, wood mice, pipistrelle bats, wood lemmings, and newborn lambs, cattle, reindeer and red deer. 4. These results provide biochemical evidence that "mammalian-like" thermogenic brown adipose tissue is absent from avian species; adipose tissues in birds appear to be functionally "white".