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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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Cell Adhesion in Plants

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the parenchyma cells of...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

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Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

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Adhesion of colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes to wet cellulose.

Xianhua Feng¹, Kristin Pouw, Vincent Leung

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, JHE-136, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Biomacromolecules

|June 16, 2007

Summary

This study shows that excess polyvinylamine (PVAm) on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) complexes enhances regenerated cellulose adhesion. Surface composition and pH significantly impact binding strength, with mild oxidation further improving adhesion.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Regenerated cellulose is a key biomaterial.
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) offer tunable properties for material applications.
Understanding adhesion mechanisms is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the adhesion of wet regenerated cellulose to colloidal complexes of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylamine (PVAm).
To determine the influence of colloidal complex surface composition, pH, and cellulose oxidation on adhesion strength.

Main Methods:

Delamination force measurements were used to quantify adhesion between regenerated cellulose membranes bound by CMC-PVAm polyelectrolyte complexes.
Systematic variation of complex surface composition (excess PVAm vs. excess CMC, quaternary amine groups).
Evaluation of adhesion across a range of pH values and after mild cellulose oxidation.

Main Results:

Adhesion was maximized with CMC-PVAm complexes exhibiting excess PVAm on their surface.
Low adhesion was observed for CMC-rich complexes and those using quaternary amine-substituted polymers.
Adhesion peaked at pH 4 and remained stable from pH 6 to 9.
Mild TEMPO oxidation of cellulose significantly enhanced adhesion with PVAm-rich complexes.

Conclusions:

The surface composition of CMC-PVAm colloidal complexes, particularly PVAm excess, is critical for strong regenerated cellulose adhesion.
pH influences adhesion, with optimal binding around pH 4.
Surface modification of cellulose via mild oxidation can further improve adhesion in specific complex formulations.