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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

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Sodium phosphate loading improves laboratory cycling time-trial performance in trained cyclists.

Jonathan P Folland1, Ric Stern, Gary Brickley

  • 1School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, UK. j.p.folland@lboro.ac.uk

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|June 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sodium phosphate loading significantly improved cycling performance in trained cyclists, enhancing mean power output and reducing time trial completion time. This suggests a potential benefit for endurance athletes seeking performance gains.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Supplementation
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Sodium phosphate loading has shown potential to increase maximal oxygen uptake.
  • Its impact on actual endurance performance remains unclear and requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of sodium phosphate loading on 16.1 km cycling time-trial performance in trained male cyclists.
  • To assess changes in power output, time trial duration, and physiological markers.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study design was employed.
  • Participants completed a 16.1 km cycling time-trial after 6 days of either sodium phosphate or placebo supplementation.
  • Measurements included power output, heart rate, oxygen uptake, and blood lactate.

Main Results:

  • Sodium phosphate loading significantly increased mean power output compared to placebo and control conditions.
  • Time to complete the 16.1 km cycling time-trial was significantly reduced with sodium phosphate.
  • A trend towards increased maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) was observed, though not statistically significant (P=0.07).

Conclusions:

  • Sodium phosphate loading effectively enhances mean power output and improves 16.1 km cycling time-trial performance in trained cyclists.
  • The observed improvements suggest sodium phosphate as a potential ergogenic aid for endurance performance.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise physiological mechanisms and optimal protocols for sodium phosphate supplementation.