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Related Concept Videos

Truncation in Survival Analysis01:09

Truncation in Survival Analysis

Truncation in survival analysis refers to the exclusion of individuals or events from the dataset based on specific criteria related to the time of the event. This exclusion can happen in two primary forms: left truncation and right truncation.
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The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
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Halo Effect

The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
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Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

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Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
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Errors In Hypothesis Tests

When performing a hypothesis test, there are four possible outcomes depending on the actual truth (or falseness) of the null hypothesis and the decision to reject or not.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

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Published on: June 5, 2016

Trial reduction: the last chance to get it right.

David S Hungerford1

  • 1Johns Hopkins Orthopedics, Good Samaritan Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21230, USA.

The Journal of Arthroplasty
|August 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A careful trial reduction is crucial in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. Neglecting this final step before component implantation can lead to suboptimal outcomes and necessitate revision procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Trial reduction is a critical final step in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
  • This phase is often overlooked despite its significance in ensuring optimal implant fit and function.
  • Postoperative radiographs reveal instances of inadequate trial reductions, indicating a need for greater attention to this surgical stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of meticulous trial reduction in TKA.
  • To identify common challenges and pitfalls encountered during the trial reduction phase.
  • To advocate for increased focus on the trial reduction step in TKA procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of postoperative radiographs to identify abnormalities related to trial reduction.
  • Clinical experience and case examples illustrating the consequences of inadequate trial reduction.

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  • Discussion of potential errors in assessing joint stability and alignment during trial reduction.

    • Main Results:

    • Inadequate trial reductions are evident in a notable percentage of postoperative TKA radiographs.
    • Specific pitfalls can obscure the true cause of abnormalities detected during trial reduction.
    • Failure to perform a thorough trial reduction can compromise the final outcome of the knee replacement.

    Conclusions:

    • A precise trial reduction is essential for successful total knee arthroplasty.
    • Surgeons must be vigilant in identifying and addressing issues during trial reduction.
    • Prioritizing this step can prevent complications and improve patient results in TKA.