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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions
06:48

CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions

Published on: February 10, 2022

Diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of DNA secondary structural elements.

Attila Ambrus1, Danzhou Yang

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ambrus@pharmacy.arizona.edu

Analytical Biochemistry
|June 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy aids DNA G-quadruplex structure determination. This method optimizes sequences for stable, single-entity formation, crucial for understanding their physiological roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Secondary DNA structures, like G-quadruplexes, are increasingly linked to physiological functions.
  • Optimizing DNA sequences for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis requires stable, single-entity formation in solution.
  • Traditional methods for analyzing DNA molecularity may not reflect NMR solution conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (dONMR) as a tool for optimizing DNA secondary structures.
  • To analyze the molecularity and solution conditions for DNA G-quadruplex formation.
  • To facilitate structural analysis of G-quadruplexes from key genomic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Application of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (dONMR).
  • Analysis of DNA secondary structural elements, focusing on G-quadruplexes.
  • Optimization of DNA sequences for NMR studies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated dONMR's utility in analyzing DNA secondary structures.
  • Successfully applied dONMR to optimize G-quadruplex sequences.
  • Characterized G-quadruplexes from human telomere and bcl-2/c-myc promoter regions.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy is an effective tool for DNA G-quadruplex analysis and optimization.
  • This technique aids in achieving desired NMR properties for structural determination.
  • Understanding G-quadruplex formation is vital for their physiological roles.