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Published on: February 7, 2018
Reactive carbonyls and oxidative stress: potential for therapeutic intervention
1Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW, United Kingdom. Elizabeth.ellis@strath.ac.uk
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|June 16, 2007
Summary
Reactive carbonyls contribute to diseases like diabetes and neurodegeneration. Cellular enzymes metabolize these compounds, and chemical intervention may modulate these enzymes to combat carbonyl stress.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Reactive aldehydes and ketones arise from oxidative stress and are implicated in numerous diseases.
- These reactive carbonyl species contribute to the progression of conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammation.
- Cellular defense mechanisms involve enzymes that reduce the burden of reactive carbonyls.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the metabolism of reactive carbonyls.
- To discuss the role of carbonyl-metabolizing enzymes in disease.
- To explore the potential of chemical intervention to modulate these enzymes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of reactive carbonyl metabolism.
- Analysis of enzymes involved in carbonyl detoxification (ALDH, AKR, CBR, GST).
- Discussion of enzyme induction mechanisms (Nrf2/ARE, AhR/XRE).
Main Results:
- Reactive carbonyls are key mediators in various pathologies.
- Enzymes like aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), aldo-keto reductases (AKR), carbonyl reductase (CBR), and glutathione S-transferases (GST) detoxify reactive carbonyls.
- Enzyme levels can be influenced by chemoprotective compounds via specific signaling pathways.
Conclusions:
- Understanding reactive carbonyl metabolism is crucial for disease insight.
- Targeting carbonyl-metabolizing enzymes presents a therapeutic avenue.
- Chemical modulation of these enzymes offers potential for disease management.
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