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Solubility03:00

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Solubilization of poorly soluble compounds using 2-pyrrolidone.

Parijat Jain1, Samuel H Yalkowsky

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., Tucson AZ 85721, USA. jainp@pharmacy.arizona.edu

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|June 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

2-pyrrolidone significantly enhances the solubility of poorly soluble compounds, acting as both a complexant and cosolvent. Its effectiveness correlates with drug properties, outperforming common alternatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Poorly soluble compounds present significant challenges in drug formulation and delivery.
  • Enhancing aqueous solubility is crucial for improving bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
  • 2-pyrrolidone is explored as a potential solubilizing agent for challenging compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solubilization capabilities of 2-pyrrolidone for nine poorly soluble compounds.
  • To compare the efficacy of 2-pyrrolidone with other common cosolvents.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of solubilization, including complexation and cosolvency.

Main Methods:

  • Solubility studies were conducted using varying concentrations of 2-pyrrolidone.
  • Solubilization curves were analyzed to determine contributions from complexation and cosolvency.
  • Correlation analysis was performed between solubilization parameters and drug partition coefficients (log K(ow)).

Main Results:

  • 2-pyrrolidone achieved up to 500-fold solubility enhancement.
  • It demonstrated superior solubilizing power compared to glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and ethanol.
  • A strong linear correlation (R(2)=0.96) was found between cosolvency power and drug partition coefficient.
  • Complexation constants showed a weaker correlation (R(2)=0.74) with partition coefficients.

Conclusions:

  • 2-pyrrolidone effectively enhances solubility through both complexation and cosolvency mechanisms.
  • Its performance is influenced by the drug's lipophilicity, as indicated by the partition coefficient.
  • 2-pyrrolidone presents a promising alternative to conventional cosolvents for formulating poorly soluble drugs.