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Exhaustive exercise modifies oxidative stress in smoking subjects
Einat Gochman1, Abraham Z Reznick, Ophir Avizohar
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|June 16, 2007
Summary
Intense exercise increases oxidative stress in both smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers experience greater oxidative damage and have lower antioxidant levels, making them more vulnerable to exercise-induced oxidative insults.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Oxidative stress research
- Cardiovascular health
Background:
- Exhaustive exercise elevates metabolic rate and reactive oxygen species generation.
- Cigarette smoke contains oxidants implicated in atherosclerosis development.
- Limited data exists on the combined effects of exercise and smoking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interaction between smoking and exhaustive exercise.
- To assess oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels in smokers and nonsmokers post-exercise.
Main Methods:
- Study included 30 healthy young men (15 smokers, 15 nonsmokers).
- Subjects underwent a standard maximal exercise test.
- Assessed protein oxidation, plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidant levels, muscle enzyme leakage, and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Main Results:
- Exercise increased protein oxidation and plasma conjugated dienes in all participants.
- Smokers exhibited higher plasma lipid peroxides post-exercise.
- Smokers had significantly lower plasma antioxidant levels (carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin E) and higher CRP levels compared to nonsmokers.
Conclusions:
- An interaction between smoking and intense exercise increases susceptibility to oxidative damage.
- Smokers possess lower antioxidant capacity, exacerbating exercise-induced oxidative stress.
- Findings highlight potential risks for smokers engaging in strenuous physical activity.
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