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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Ferritinophagy: Assessing the Selective Degradation of Iron by Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts
09:21

Ferritinophagy: Assessing the Selective Degradation of Iron by Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts

Published on: February 23, 2024

Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome.

Gregory Christiansen1, Brian G Mohney

  • 1Medical Eye Center, Medford, Oregon, USA.

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|June 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS) causes early cataracts and high ferritin levels due to inherited ferritin protein buildup. This genetic disorder is diagnosed through standard lab tests.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Ferritinophagy: Assessing the Selective Degradation of Iron by Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts
09:21

Ferritinophagy: Assessing the Selective Degradation of Iron by Autophagy in Human Fibroblasts

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome (HHCS) is a rare genetic disorder.
  • It is characterized by dominant inheritance patterns.
  • Key features include early-onset cataracts and elevated serum ferritin levels.

Observation:

  • The syndrome results from excessive ferritin protein accumulation in the crystalline lens.
  • Cataract symptoms typically manifest between the second and fourth decades of life.
  • Two unrelated cases presenting in the United States are detailed.

Findings:

  • HHCS diagnosis can be established using routine laboratory tests.
  • Elevated serum ferritin is a hallmark of the condition.
  • The underlying cause is a genetic defect leading to ferritin dysregulation.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of HHCS is possible through biochemical screening.
  • Understanding the genetic basis aids in patient counseling and management.
  • Further research can explore targeted therapies for ferritin-related disorders.