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Chemokines and left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Małgorzata Kobusiak-Prokopowicz1, Jacek Orzeszko, Grzegorz Mazur
1Department of Cardiology Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Pasteur 4 Str., Poland.
Insights
Serum levels of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES are elevated in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). These inflammatory markers correlate with left ventricle dysfunction severity in STEMI patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Leukocyte activation via adhesion molecules is crucial in inflammatory processes, particularly in atherosclerotic lesions during acute myocardial infarction.
- Elevated serum levels of chemokines like MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES are implicated in the inflammatory response.
- Understanding these markers' role in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can provide insights into disease severity and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess serum levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) in STEMI patients.
- To correlate these chemokine levels with the severity of left ventricle (LV) dysfunction.
- To investigate the temporal changes in serum chemokine concentrations post-STEMI.
Main Methods:
- Forty STEMI patients were categorized based on ejection fraction (EF >40% vs. ≤40%) and wall motion score index (WMSI ≤1.3 vs. >1.3).
- A control group of ten healthy volunteers was included for comparison.
- Serum samples were collected at admission and at multiple time points up to 7 days post-admission.
Main Results:
- Baseline serum levels of MCP-1 and RANTES were significantly higher in STEMI patients compared to controls.
- MIP-1alpha levels were significantly higher in patients with lower ejection fraction and were positively correlated with EF and negatively with LV end-diastolic dimension.
- Peak chemokine concentrations for MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES were generally observed within 3 to 24 hours after admission.
Conclusions:
- STEMI is associated with a significant increase in serum levels of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES.
- These inflammatory markers show distinct patterns and correlations with indicators of left ventricle dysfunction.
- The findings highlight the role of specific chemokines in the pathophysiology and severity assessment of STEMI.
Background:
Leukocytes are activated in the inflammatory process involving locally atherosclerotic lesions through adhesive molecules attaching to the surface of endothelial cells, especially during acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was to assess MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES serum levels in patients with STEMI and to correlate them with the severity of left ventricle (LV) dysfunction.
Methods:
Forty patients were initially divided into two groups, with group 1 having an ejection fraction (EF) above 40% and group 2 an EF of 40% or less. Next, the patients were divided on the basis of wall motion score index (WMSI): group 3 had a WMSI of 1.3 or lower and group 4 had a WMSI above 1.3. A control group of ten volunteers was also included in the study. Serum samples were taken at admission as well as 3, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 days after.
Results:
The baseline serum levels of MCP-1 and RANTES in group 1 were significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05 and p<0.005, respectively). The highest concentrations of chemokines were observed 3 h after admission. The serum levels of MIP-1alpha on admission and 3 h later were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p<0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). Maximum MIP-1 concentrations were observed 3 h after admission in group 3 and 24 h after admission in group 4 (p<0.006). In group 1, MIP-1alpha 3 h after admission correlated positively with the EF (r=0.444, p<0.05). In group 1 there was a negative correlation between MIP-1alpha concentration 3 h after admission and LV end-diastolic dimension (r=-0.492, p<0.02).
Conclusions:
Patients with myocardial infarction with an elevated ST segment had a significant increase in MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES serum levels.
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