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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
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Transient fluid-structure coupling for simulation of a trileaflet heart valve using weak coupling.

Yos S Morsi1, William W Yang, Cynthia S Wong

  • 1Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Industrial Research Institute IRIS, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia. ymorsi@swin.edu.au

Journal of Artificial Organs : the Official Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs
|June 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study models the initial opening of aortic trileaflet heart valves using fluid-structure interaction. Findings reveal circulation zones and specific wall shear stress patterns on the leaflets during this critical phase.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Cardiovascular Mechanics

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of heart valve dynamics is crucial for understanding cardiovascular health.
  • The initial opening phase of the aortic trileaflet valve is a complex biomechanical event.
  • Previous studies may lack detailed analysis of fluid-structure interaction during initial valve opening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a 3D transient numerical model for the aortic trileaflet heart valve.
  • To analyze fluid dynamics and structural behavior during the initial opening stage.
  • To investigate the impact of fluid-structure interaction on leaflet mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a three-dimensional transient numerical approach.
  • Utilized fluid-structure interaction (FSI) for coupled modeling.
  • Applied an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) kinematical description for the fluid-structure coupling.
  • Analyzed fluid dynamics and structural aspects across various Reynolds numbers and time points.

Main Results:

  • Fluid flow predictions showed the formation of a circulation zone downstream of the leaflet tip during initial opening.
  • This circulation zone propagated outward over time.
  • Maximum wall shear stress in the vertical direction was near the leaflet bottom, decreasing towards the tip.
  • Maximum wall shear stresses in the horizontal cross-section were located near the leaflet sides.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully modeled the initial opening of the aortic trileaflet valve using FSI.
  • The findings provide insights into the fluid dynamics and wall shear stress distribution during this phase.
  • This numerical approach can aid in understanding valve performance and designing better prosthetic valves.