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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs
09:49

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

Published on: January 27, 2015

Linking parenchymal disease progression to changes in lung mechanical function by percolation.

Jason H T Bates1, Gerald S Davis, Arnab Majumdar

  • 1Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, VT, USA. jason.h.bates@uvm.edu

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|June 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Percolation theory explains how lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema cause mechanical dysfunction. This model links microscopic pathology to macroscopic lung function changes, clarifying symptom development.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs
09:49

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Published on: January 27, 2015

Quantifying Pulmonary Microvascular Density in Mice Across Lobules
10:00

Quantifying Pulmonary Microvascular Density in Mice Across Lobules

Published on: January 3, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Computational modeling of biological systems
  • Network theory applications in medicine

Background:

  • Lung parenchymal diseases (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema) exhibit mechanical dysfunction that may not align with microscopic pathology progression.
  • Understanding the link between lung pathology organization and mechanical dysfunction is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To link lung mechanical dysfunction to parenchymal pathology using percolation theory.
  • To model the development of lung diseases based on network properties.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical determination of bulk stiffness in a spring network model of lung parenchyma.
  • Simulation of fibrosis by stiffening springs and emphysema by cutting springs under tension.

Main Results:

  • A sharp increase in bulk modulus observed when stiff springs formed a connected network (fibrosis threshold).
  • Network elasticity decreased to zero when cut springs became numerous (emphysema threshold).
  • These percolation thresholds correlate with structural changes in human lung tissue and CT images.

Conclusions:

  • Percolation theory provides a framework to understand the dissociation between lung function symptoms and parenchymal pathology.
  • The study offers insights into the progression patterns of fibrotic and emphysematous lung diseases.