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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Modeling immunocompetence development and immunoresponsiveness to challenge in chicks.

B Ask1, E H van der Waaij, E J Glass

  • 1Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, the Netherlands. birgitteask@hotmail.com

Poultry Science
|June 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A new mathematical model simulates chick immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness to pathogens. This model highlights how experimental design choices, like challenge timing, impact results and genetic evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Immunology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Avian Health

Background:

  • Evaluating immunological variables in young chicks is complex due to developing immune systems and maternal immunity.
  • Accurate assessment of immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness is crucial for improving animal health via genetic selection.
  • Mathematical models can aid in defining optimal challenge and measurement strategies for immunological evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a deterministic model of immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness kinetics in chicks challenged with pathogens.
  • To utilize the model to demonstrate the impact of experimental design factors on immunological assessments.

Main Methods:

  • A deterministic model was created, incorporating four components: maternal immunity, baseline immunity, acute phase response, and antibody response.
  • The model describes immune system development and response kinetics from 0 to 56 days of age in chicks.
  • Simulations explored four scenarios varying challenge age and measurement timing across three broiler genotypes with different baseline immunity levels.

Main Results:

  • Model component equations generally provided adequate fits to published data.
  • Simulations showed that experimental design significantly influences the ranking of genotypes, groups, or individuals based on immunoresponsiveness.
  • The choice of measured variable, timing of measurement, and age at challenge critically affect the reliability of extrapolations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model serves as a valuable tool for designing effective challenge and measurement strategies in immunocompetence and immunoresponsiveness studies.
  • The model can generate hypotheses regarding immunological relationships for subsequent experimental testing.
  • This approach aids in optimizing experimental designs for more reliable immunological evaluations in poultry.