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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Genetical genomics: combining gene expression with marker genotypes in poultry.

D J de Koning1, C P Cabrera, C S Haley

  • 1The Roslin Institute, Roslin Biocentre, Roslin, EH25 9PS, United Kingdom. DJ.deKoning@BBSRC.AC.UK

Poultry Science
|June 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Genetical genomics uses gene expression as quantitative traits to find expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Combining expression studies with fine mapping enhances understanding of genetic pathways, demonstrated here in poultry.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression
11:48

Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression

Published on: January 17, 2016

Global Gene Expression Analysis Using a Zebrafish Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform
13:14

Global Gene Expression Analysis Using a Zebrafish Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform

Published on: August 10, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Microarrays are widely used in life sciences, but their optimal application in transcriptomics is debated.
  • Genetical genomics treats gene expression as quantitative traits to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs).
  • eQTLs can be cis-acting (near the gene) or trans-acting (unlinked).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a synergistic approach combining expression studies with fine mapping of functional trait loci.
  • To facilitate genetical genomics for species lacking inbred resources and enhance its application in model species.
  • To demonstrate the potential of genetical genomics by identifying cis and trans effects for a body weight QTL in chickens.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression measurements treated as quantitative traits.
  • Identification of genome regions affecting expression levels (eQTLs).
  • Fine mapping of functional trait loci combined with expression studies.

Main Results:

  • The study identified cis and trans effects for a functional body weight QTL on chicken chromosome 4.
  • Analysis was performed on breast tissue samples from chickens with contrasting QTL genotypes.
  • Demonstrated the potential of genetical genomics in a livestock species.

Conclusions:

  • Combining expression studies with fine mapping offers a powerful approach to unravel genetic networks.
  • This synergistic method is applicable to both model and non-model species, including poultry.
  • Genetical genomics can be advanced through focused studies on candidate genes or mapped QTLs.