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Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome

Published on: January 23, 2026

Syndrome after pneumonectomy.

N Baltayiannis¹, N Bolanos

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.

Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology

|June 20, 2007

Summary

Pneumonectomy can lead to mediastinal shift syndrome, causing breathing problems due to bronchial compression. Tissue expanders and endoluminal stenting can effectively treat this rare complication.

Area of Science:

Thoracic Surgery
Pediatric Surgery
Pulmonology

Background:

Pneumonectomy, the surgical removal of a lung, can lead to a rare complication known as mediastinal shift syndrome.
This syndrome involves excessive displacement of mediastinal structures into the empty pleural space, particularly in pediatric patients.
It can result in severe respiratory compromise due to contralateral bronchial compression.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods for mediastinal shift syndrome post-pneumonectomy.
To outline effective treatment strategies for this unusual complication.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings in patients with mediastinal shift syndrome.
Analysis of treatment outcomes using tissue expanders and endoluminal stenting.

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Main Results:

Mediastinal shift syndrome typically presents with dyspnea months to years after pneumonectomy.
Diagnosis is confirmed via computed tomographic scan or bronchoscopy, revealing significant tracheobronchial obstruction.
Right pneumonectomy carries a higher risk compared to left pneumonectomy.

Conclusions:

Mediastinal shift syndrome is a serious, albeit uncommon, complication of pneumonectomy requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention.
Restoration of mediastinal structure alignment with tissue expanders is the primary treatment.
Endoluminal stenting offers an efficient solution for associated tracheomalacia.