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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
Published on: June 6, 2025
Evaluation of cognitive rehabilitation as a treatment paradigm
Larry E Schutz1, Karen Trainor
1University of Central Florida, GiveBack, Inc., FL 32826, USA. edsyke@earthlink.net
Purpose:
The construct of 'cognitive rehabilitation' has not been defined in a consensual manner and the variations in usage have produced misunderstanding and controversy. At one extreme, it refers to a paradigm of complex, sophisticated, integrated interventions and at the other to a poorly conceptualized and largely ineffectual service modality. A number of articles criticizing cognitive rehabilitation make little effort to differentiate between these usages, thus subjecting very different clinical procedures to the same complaints.
Methods:
This article abstracts five major criticisms from this literature to examine the best-developed, 'holistic' versions.
Conclusion:
A treatment selection standard is proposed, specifying the conditions under which a holistic model or the 'contextualized' training alternative is likely to be more viable.
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