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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

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A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Vision loss: overview.

Valérie Biousse1, Nancy J Newman

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Seminars in Neurology
|June 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Neurologists can evaluate visual loss with basic eye exams and targeted questions. A thorough ocular examination is crucial before extensive neurological testing for vision problems.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Visual loss is a frequent neurological complaint.
  • Visual pathways constitute a significant portion of the brain's supratentorial mass.
  • These pathways are susceptible to structural lesions and various neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the initial evaluation of patients presenting with visual loss to a neurologist.
  • To emphasize the role of basic ocular examination and patient history in diagnosing visual disturbances.
  • To establish the necessity of a detailed ocular assessment prior to further neurological investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common neurological presentations of visual loss.
  • Guidelines for performing a basic ocular examination.
  • Key questions for patient history taking in visual loss cases.

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Optimization of the Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model to Limit Variability

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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

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07:23

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Main Results:

  • A basic ocular examination and pertinent questioning can effectively aid neurologists in evaluating visual loss.
  • Neurological workup can be guided by initial findings from the ocular exam.
  • Detailed ocular examination is a prerequisite for comprehensive neurological assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Neurologists can initiate the assessment of visual loss using fundamental examination techniques.
  • Early and thorough ocular evaluation is key to efficient diagnosis and management of visual pathway disorders.
  • A detailed eye exam should precede advanced neurological testing for visual complaints.