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Cognitive ability and sentience: which aquatic animals should be protected?

D M Broom1

  • 1Centre for Animal Welfare and Anthrozoology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK. dmb16@cam.ac.uk

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
|June 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Scientific evidence suggests many aquatic animals, including fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans, possess sentience. This indicates a need for enhanced animal welfare considerations and protection for these species.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative Cognition
  • Animal Sentience
  • Aquatic Animal Welfare

Background:

  • Understanding animal sentience is crucial for ethical considerations and welfare evaluations.
  • Sentience involves abilities like evaluating actions, memory, risk assessment, feelings, and awareness.
  • Previous research has explored cognitive abilities across various animal taxa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for sentience in aquatic animals.
  • To assess the implications of sentience for animal protection and welfare.
  • To summarize factors contributing to poor welfare in farmed aquatic species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on cognitive abilities and sentience indicators in aquatic animals.
  • Analysis of evidence for perceptual abilities, pain responses, emotional states, and complex cognition.
  • Examination of factors affecting welfare in aquaculture settings.

Main Results:

  • Substantial evidence exists for sentience in fish, cephalopods, and decapod crustaceans.
  • These species demonstrate advanced perceptual abilities, pain systems, emotional responses, and complex cognition.
  • Evidence includes memory, deception, tool use, and social learning in some aquatic species.

Conclusions:

  • The cognitive and emotional capacities of these aquatic animals present a strong case for their protection.
  • Sentience in aquatic species necessitates a re-evaluation of current welfare standards and ethical treatment.
  • Addressing causes of poor welfare in farmed aquatic animals is essential.