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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

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Published on: November 10, 2014

Lithium-gadolinium-borate as a neutron dosemeter.

D V Lewis1, N M Spyrou, A M Williams

  • 1University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK. php4dl@surrey.ac.uk

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|June 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Lithium-gadolinium-borate microcrystals in plastic scintillators offer accurate neutron dosimetry. This method uses capture gating for precise energy measurements in mixed radiation fields.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Radiation Detection

Background:

  • Accurate neutron dosimetry is crucial for mixed n/gamma fields.
  • Plastic scintillators offer advantages for neutron detection.
  • Lithium-gadolinium-borate (LGB) microcrystals show promise for enhanced spectral information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a Monte Carlo model for a novel neutron spectrometer.
  • To investigate the use of LGB microcrystals in BC-490 plastic scintillators for neutron dosimetry.
  • To assess the spectral response of the detector in capture-gated operation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized capture gating of proton recoil events for neutron energy determination.
  • Employed X-ray microtomography to map LGB microcrystal distribution.

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Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
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  • Developed a detailed MCNPX Monte Carlo model incorporating microcrystal distribution.
  • Implemented discrimination techniques to reject false coincidences.

    • Main Results:

    • The Monte Carlo model accurately predicts the energy response of the LGB spectrometer.
    • X-ray microtomography provided essential data on microcrystal dispersion.
    • Capture gating effectively discriminates neutron events from gamma rays.
    • The spectral response below 1 MeV was characterized by isolated capture events.

    Conclusions:

    • Lithium-gadolinium-borate dispersed in BC-490 is a viable material for neutron dosimetry.
    • The developed Monte Carlo model is a powerful tool for spectrometer design and analysis.
    • The capture-gating technique enhances accuracy in mixed radiation fields.
    • The study outlines the integration of response functions into unfolding procedures for improved dosimetry.