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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms
16:49

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

Does this patient have erythema migrans?

Carrie D Tibbles1, Jonathan A Edlow

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, West Clinical Center 2, One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ctibbles@bidmc.harvard.edu

JAMA
|June 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing erythema migrans, the hallmark of early Lyme disease, requires careful consideration. No single symptom is definitive; clinicians must evaluate multiple factors and the patient's exposure risk.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms
16:49

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Erythema migrans is the most common sign of early Lyme disease, crucial for timely antibiotic treatment.
  • Accurate diagnosis is vital for effective management of Lyme disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diagnostic sensitivity of various clinical and historical features of erythema migrans.
  • To identify key indicators for diagnosing Lyme disease's characteristic rash.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English-language studies (1966-2007) from MEDLINE.
  • Inclusion criteria: at least 15 consecutive erythema migrans patients with reported history and physical exam data.
  • Data abstraction by a single author to determine sensitivity of diagnostic characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 8493 patients across 53 studies (Europe and US).
  • A solitary lesion was common (US: 81%, Europe: 88%).
  • Central clearing varied significantly: less frequent in endemic US (19%) versus Europe (79%) and non-endemic US (80%).

Conclusions:

  • No single historical or physical exam finding reliably diagnoses erythema migrans alone.
  • Clinicians must consider the diverse presentation of erythema migrans and integrate multiple clinical and epidemiological factors for accurate diagnosis.