[Hyperparathyroidism, goiter and well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A common association with diagnostic...

To analyze thyroid gland disease incidentally found in patients undergoing surgery for hyperparathyroidism and to compare the frequency of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma among different hyperparathyroidism varieties.

We retrospectively reviewed 124 clinical records of patients who underwent surgery for hyperparathyroidism by a single surgeon from January 1998 to June 2006.

There were 105 women (84.7%) and 19 men (15.3%). The mean age was 59.7 +/- 15.66 years old. Of these, 115 (92.7%) were diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism and 9 (7.3%) with renal hyperparathyroidism. In the primary hyperparathyroidism group, 3 patients (2.6%) had received neck irradiation compared with none in the renal hyperparathyroidism group. Thyroid gland surgery was performed simultaneously in 43 patients (34.7%), 40 (34.8%) of them belonging to the first group and three (33.3%) to the second group (p = 1.00). Among the 115 patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism, 6 papillary thyroid carcinomas (5.2%) were found and 2 (22.2%) were found among the 9 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.105).

An incidental finding of thyroid disease in patients undergoing surgery for hyperparathyroidism is fairly frequent but no more so than that found in autopsy series. No statistically significant differences were found between primary and renal hyperparathyroidism in the prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Currently, neck irradiation does not seem to be a clinically significant factor in this issue. The high prevalence of thyroid disease in the general population warrants systematic neck ultrasound before hyperparathyroidism surgery.