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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review.

Sarah E Vermeer¹, William T Longstreth, Peter J Koudstaal

¹Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.vermeer@erasmusmc.nl

The Lancet. Neurology

|June 22, 2007

Summary

Silent brain infarcts, often found in elderly individuals, are linked to subtle functional deficits and significantly increase the risk of future stroke and dementia. Early detection and treatment may mitigate these risks.

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Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Geriatrics

Background:

Improving imaging techniques reveal brain infarcts in patients without prior stroke history.
The clinical relevance of these 'silent' brain infarcts was previously poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a systematic overview of the frequency, causes, and consequences of MRI-defined silent brain infarcts.
To highlight the association between silent infarcts and cognitive/physical deficits, as well as future stroke and dementia risk.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of studies reporting MRI-defined silent brain infarcts.
Analysis of infarct frequency, etiology, and associated clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

Silent brain infarcts are detected in 20% of healthy elderly and up to 50% in specific patient groups.
Hypertensive small-vessel disease is a primary cause, often manifesting as lacunar infarcts.
Silent infarcts correlate with subtle functional impairments and more than double the risk of subsequent stroke and dementia.

Conclusions:

Silent brain infarcts are common and carry significant risks for neurological decline.
Further research is needed to determine if screening and treatment can prevent future strokes and dementia.