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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

Incident open-angle glaucoma and intraocular pressure.

B Nemesure1, R Honkanen, A Hennis

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8036, USA.

Ophthalmology
|June 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Baseline intraocular pressure (b-IOP) significantly increases open-angle glaucoma (OAG) risk in individuals of African descent. Higher b-IOP levels correlate with greater OAG incidence, though most cases occur at lower pressures.

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Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary modifiable risk factor for OAG.
  • Understanding the relationship between baseline IOP (b-IOP) and OAG incidence is crucial for targeted prevention strategies, especially in at-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline intraocular pressure (b-IOP) and the incidence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
  • To evaluate b-IOP as a risk factor for incident OAG in a population of African origin.
  • To quantify the risk increase associated with different levels of b-IOP.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based, 9-year cohort study involving 3,222 participants of African origin.
  • Standardized ophthalmic examinations, including applanation tonometry and automated perimetry.
  • Cox regression models were used to calculate adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OAG incidence based on b-IOP.

Main Results:

  • The 9-year incidence of OAG was 4.4%.
  • A 1-mmHg increase in b-IOP was associated with a 12% increase in OAG risk (RR, 1.12).
  • Participants with b-IOP >25 mmHg had a 13.1-fold increased risk of OAG (RR, 13.1) compared to those with b-IOP ≤17 mmHg.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline intraocular pressure is a significant and positive risk factor for developing open-angle glaucoma.
  • While very high b-IOP levels confer a substantially elevated risk, a considerable proportion of OAG cases develop in individuals with lower baseline IOP.
  • IOP is an influential risk factor for OAG but has limitations in predicting individual disease development.